Fax Database Archives - CRB Directory

21Mar, 2023

The Difference Between the Head of Government and the Head of State

Characteristics of a liberal democracy liberal democracy is the political system used by most modern european countries. Before becoming the unitary state of the republic of indonesia as it is today, you need to know that the indonesian state has also used a liberal democratic political system.

Based on historical records it turns out that the indonesian

State was once led not by a president as it is now. In a country, we often recognize the terms head of government and head of state. However, of course you have also heard of the term prime minister, right.

In the early period of independence until Switzerland Business Fax List entering guided democracy or more precisely in the indonesian state adopted a system of government known as liberal democracy.

So, in this article, we will present a discussion of liberal democracy, starting from the characteristics of liberal democracy, its meaning, strengths and weaknesses, and its cabinet. Let’s see more.

Before entering into a discussion of the characteristics of liberal democracy. We need to know that the term for head of government and head of state in indonesia is currently held by a president.

The head of state is basically a figure who is a representative of a country for interests at the domestic and international levels. In addition, a head of state also has a very important role because he is a representative of a country being led.

However in many other countries

The position of head of state is not only occupied by a president.

For example, in several countries that adopt a CRB Directory monarchy or royal system. The head of state will be occupied by a king.

In contrast to the head of state, the head of government is a position. That has the responsibility to lead the running of a country’s government. In a country that adheres to a parliamentary. System, the head of government is held by a person called the prime minister.

In indonesia itself the head of government during the liberal democracy. Era was led by a prime minister. So, as part of learning the history of citizenship education. It is certainly important for the younger generation to know what happened in the past.

21Mar, 2023

The causes of apatride in different parts of the world can vary

Apatride citizenship status is the citizenship status of a person who does not have citizenship status at all. According to de jure, a person who is stateless is a person who is legally not considered a citizen by any country which should have an obligation to protect him.

Meanwhile a person who has no de facto citizenship is someone. Who is outside their country of origin and cannot or because of a legal problem, or is not willing to take advantage of the protection offered by the state.

This can happen as a result of persecution

That usually occurs with refugees or because of bad diplomatic relations that occur between the country of origin and the country where the person lives.

The causes of apatride in different parts Spain Business Fax List of the world can vary. However, most are caused by cases of discrimination due to factors of race, ethnicity, gender, or religion. Such cases generally occur in minority groups for generations.

Bipatride is someone who has a dual citizenship status relationship

International law states that as a form of sovereignty of each country. So every citizen has the right to determine his nationality in accordance with the laws and regulations in force in that country.

Initially, dual citizenship was not CRB Directory considered a big problem internationally. However, several decades ago, an international agreement was made that dual citizenship must be avoided.

This is because dual citizenship is feared to be a potential. Threat that will give birth to betrayal, espionage or other subversive activities. However, the policies against bipatride began to disappear and a number of countries began to tolerate it

Changes in policies and attitudes towards dual citizenship are based on international law. Based on the european convention on nationality. Which was signed by most european countries. It does not contain restrictions on citizenship status as an oddity that must be abolished.

21Mar, 2023

The Principle of Recognition and Respect for Human Rights

The principle of recognition and respect for human rights is a principle which in all matters relates to citizens, it is obligatory to be able to guarantee, protect and glorify human rights in general and the rights of citizens in particular.5. Principle of openness
The principle of openness is the principle that determines that in all matters related to citizens, it must be done openly. Principle of publicity.

The principle of publicity is the principle that determines

That someone who gains or loses citizenship of the republic of indonesia will be announced or published. So that the public and the general public can know about the news.

Principle of jus soli

The principle of ius soli or also called the law India Business Fax List of the soil is a principle. That determines a person’s citizenship based on his place of birth. The principle of ius soli is more in line with the current global situation, where a person’s nationality. And nationality are not determined by the basis of religion, ethnicity and race.

The principle of ius soli also allows for the creation of a citizenship law that is more open and multicultural. A number of countries use the ius soli principle, including argentina, brazil, america, mexico, and peru.

The australian state actually also uses the ius soli principle, but by applying a number of conditions. Where, a child born in australian territory, will not immediately acquire australian citizenship, unless one of the parents is an australian citizen.

However if the child settles and lives in australia until he is 10 years old

Then the child will also automatically get australian citizenship. And regardless of the citizenship status of both parents as well.Citizenship status
Status and identity of citizenship are the CRB Directory status of a person’s membership as a citizen to live or play an active role in a country that is recognized by the laws or regulations that apply in that country. A person’s citizenship status will be very important, because this status will indicate a relationship between an individual and a country.

This citizenship status is the legal basis for carrying out the implementation of civil rights or obligations as citizens. So, citizenship identity will have implications for the rights and obligations as citizens regulated in citizenship law.

21Mar, 2023

The Principles of Citizenship in Indonesia

As explained in the previous discussion, that each country has its own citizenship principles and the most well-known principles are the ius soli and ius sanguinis principles.

In indonesia, the principle of citizenship has been clearly regulated in law number 12 of 2006 which includes 2 (two) guidelines, namely the principle of general citizenship and special citizenship which has 4 (four) principles in it.Therefore, The following is a clear discussion of the principle of citizenship in indonesia based on law number 12 of 2006.

Principles of general citizenship

The general citizenship principle includes 4 principles, namely the ius soli principle, the single citizenship principle, the ius sanguinis principle, and also the limited dual citizenship principle. Well, below has been presented a complete discussion of which is as follows.

The principle of jus sanguinis is the principle New Zealand Business Fax List of a person’s citizenship which is determined based on the ancestry of the parents. Therefore, Examples of countries that adhere to the jus sanguinis principle are china, the netherlands, japan and indonesia.

Principle of jus soli
The principle of ius soli is the principle of a person’s citizenship which is determined based on place of birth. This one principle is mostly used by countries in the americas, but it is rarely found in other places, such as australia, america, brazil and canada.

The principle of limited dual citizenship

The principle of limited dual citizenship applies to children born from mixed marriages or have parents of different nationalities. Therefore, Such children will later inherit the citizenship of both parents until they are 18 years old or married.

Principles of special citizenship
In addition to the four principles contained in the general citizenship principles. There are also several special citizenship principles which form the basis. Of the CRB Directory drafting of the law on citizenship of the republic of indonesia. According to jazim hamidi and mustafa lutfi, the principles of special citizenship include the following.

1. The principle of equality in law and government
The principle of legal equality and government is a principle that can determine that every indonesian citizen will receive equal treatment in law and government.

Therefore, Determine that every indonesian citizen will receive equal. Treatment in law and government.

Therefore, Which explains that the procedure for a person’s citizenship does. Therefore, Not only have an administrative nature, but is also accompanied by substantive. And application conditions that can be accounted for.

21Mar, 2023

Definition of Citizenship Based on Juridical Meaning

Citizenship in a juridical sense is citizenship which is marked by the existence of a legal bond between people and the state.

Definition of citizenship based on sociological meaning
Citizenship in the sociological sense is citizenship which is not only marked by the existence of legal ties but also marked by the existence of emotional ties, for example egyptian ties and feelings of home, historical activity, home of hereditary ties and homeland ties. The word bond appears as an appreciation of the citizens of the country concerned.

In any discourse the state is obliged to position itself equally with its citizens

As long as the state is above its citizens or society, the Ireland Business Fax List relationship between the two will not be able to run harmoniously.

Normatively, the attachment between citizens and the state must always adhere to the rights or obligations attached to both. That way, democratic and fair communication will be created and in accordance with what has been hinted at by the constitution.

If one of them acts without adhering to the guidelines

And the constitution as a basis and normative standard then the relationship will be easily rich or destroyed. When the relationship is destroyed, the party that CRB Directory will be harmed is the citizen. With the power possessed by the state and government, it can be done in a repressive. And also hegemonic way to control citizens. So that the legitimacy of citizens always flows to the state.In fact, the state’s decision to dominate. Its citizens cannot be justified and vice versa, citizens. Must not behave anarchically in order to bring down the state. Because the state and citizens have a relationship. Or bond with each other, it is important to determine. One’s citizenship status. For this reason, the principle of citizenship. Is present and necessary.

The principle of citizenship is the legal basis for citizens, residents and residents in a country. A person who already has citizenship will not fall under the power or authority of another country.

In addition, other countries have no right to impose the rule of law on someone who is not a citizen of their country. The principle of citizenship is necessary and becomes an important part so that a person can obtain legal protection from the state and at the same time be able to receive rights and obligations as a citizen.

21Mar, 2023

Definition of Citizenship and Citizenship Principles

Principles of jus soli every country has its own citizenship principles and indonesia is no exception. For some people, the indonesian state may only recognize the principle of citizenship on the principle of jus sanguinis and the principle of jus soli.

However, in fact, the indonesian state recognizes 4 (four) citizenship principles which are used as a reference for determining a person’s citizenship status, including the principle of jus sanguinis, principle of ius soli, principle of single citizenship, and principle of limited dual citizenship. In general, the meaning of citizenship itself is the participation of a person as a member by showing the connection or bond between the state and its citizens.

While citizens are residents of a country or nation based on place of birth, ancestry, and so on. Meanwhile, you can understand the principle of citizenship as a basis for thinking in determining whether or not someone belongs as a citizen of a certain country.

In order for you to know the principle of citizenship

You need to listen to the full discussion. In the following, a clear and complete discussion regarding the principle of citizenship has been presented.

List of contents
Definition of citizenship and Italy Business Fax List citizenship principles
1. Definition of citizenship based on juridical meaning
2. Definition of citizenship based on sociological meaning
The principles of citizenship in indonesia
Principles of general citizenship
1. Principle of jus sanguinis
2. Principle of jus soli
3. Single citizenship principle
4. The principle of limited dual citizenship
Principles of special citizenship
Book recommendations & related articles
Economics category
Related material

The state is an abstract entity and what appears is only the elements of the state

For example population government and territory. Residents are all people who are domiciled in a country, whether they are indigenous people or immigrants CRB Directory foreign nationals who are on vacation or working and temporarily living in that country.

Citizens are part of a population and at the same time citizens have an attachment to their country and have rights and obligations that are reciprocal.

Meanwhile, citizenship has characteristics that can show the attachment or bond between the state and its citizens. Based on the citizenship law of the republic of indonesia which reads, Citizenship is everything related to the state.

21Mar, 2023

Problems of Good Governance in Indonesia

The government’s efforts to realize good governance like the examples. Above deserve praise and appreciation, but that doesn’t mean that the government in indonesia is free from problems.

This is because if you look at the reality on the ground, the application of the concept of good governance in this country is still not optimal. How did it happen? To answer this, we need to go back to the reformation era.

At the time reforms broke out in indonesia, the economic crisis ravaged the country. The reason is none other than bad governance during the new order era and. The rampant practices of kkn (corruption, collusion, nepotism) in almost all elements of government.

As a result the quality of public services is not given proper attention

Even society seems to be underestimated. Government Dubai Business Fax List administrators are more concerned with filling their own stomachs and fulfilling personal interests.

This has resulted in delays in the development process, an increase in the crime rate, an increase in the number of unemployed and poor people, a decline in the level of public health, a worsening of the quality of education, triggering conflicts in various regions.

Now twenty four years have passed

These problems have not completely disappeared in this country. Even though the government has made good governance the foundation of governance. Unfortunately, good governance in indonesia still has several problems, including:

The bureaucratic reform planned and carried CRB Directory out by the government has not been able to meet the demands of the people’s needs
There are still many problems found in the process of seeking a final decision or settling various existing cases in indonesia.
There are still practices of abuse and violation of authority, the rates of corruption, collusion. And nepotism are still high, and the procurement controls are still weak as well as controlling the work of government apparatus.
The public is increasingly enthusiastic about taking part in. The formulation and implementation of public policies. In addition, people’s demands on the government are getting higher.

21Mar, 2023

How is the Implementation of Good Governance in Indonesia

As previously discussed, realizing the concept of good governance requires good cooperation between the government, the private sector, and civil society. That way, every policy and program that is made is always based on joint decisions.

In this case, the government plays the role of administrator of the state, while the private sector becomes the driving force in the economy, and civil society acts as the adjusting party.

These three parties have their respective roles in the administration of good governance. Therefore, the harmonization of the three will be a great strength. In other words, the government, private sector, and civil society must work together in managing the economy, natural resources, environment, and also the social sector.

Examples of good governance in indonesia

In order to realize good governance in indonesia, the government has made. Many innovations and breakthroughs, since the reform era began until now. Here are France Business Fax List some examples of good governance that we can still see.
The term of office has been changed. From what was previously up to a lifetime, now. It is limited to 5 years with a maximum of 2 terms. This means that after being elected president twice, he cannot run for a third term.
General elections for the legislature and executive involve the people from the campaign period to voting at tps. This is different from the past where the election was represented by members of the dpr.

Changing the civil servant acceptance system to be open with the cpns test

This test can be taken by all indonesian citizens who meet the requirements. In the past, civil servants were very thick with nepotism so that if one family member became a civil servant, other family members could also become civil servants.
Apbn is made transparent to prevent corruption CRB Directory in apbn funds. In this way, the public and all parties can monitor. And audit the use of the state budget by the government.
Establish the corruption eradication commission. Whose task is to eradicate corruption in the executive and legislative branches, both central and regional. The corruption eradication. Committee is a line of defense as well as a state attack in fighting corruption in this country.

21Mar, 2023

History of Good Governance in Indonesia

The concept of good governance in indonesia began to emerge. After the reform era began, which was motivated by problems. Left by the new order government. Such as a government centered on the. President, high state institutions that are not running. Well, and a lack of public participation in government.

During the reform era, the executive and legislative bodies succeeded. In formulating 3 laws which later changed the system of government in indonesia.

Law number 32 of 2004 concerning granting greater authority to regional governments

Both districts and cities, to manage governance and development. This law plays an important role in changing development policies and plans in the regions so that they are more in line with the conditions and circumstances of the people.

Law number concerning granting greater Brazil Business Fax List authority to regional governments to manage and allocate funds in carrying out development.

Law number 28 of 1999 concerning implementation in. The field of development and implementation of government at the central and regional levels. Law number 28 of 1999 is what then becomes the initial basis. For implementing good governance as the basis for administering government.

Well the three laws above are the main foundation for implementing

The concept of good governance in administering government in indonesia. Unfortunately, the indonesian government seems unable to understand good governance as a whole, so that this concept cannot be implemented properly. However, the government’s commitment to making good governance the foundation of governance values must still be appreciated.

If grameds wants to know about the history of good. Governance at the global level, the book good governance 3 revisions compiled by prof. Sedarmayanti can be his main reference.

Basically, every government of any country CRB Directory would want to have a good. Governance system to ensure that the country remains safe and peaceful. The indonesian government regulates the application. Of the concept of good governance through. Concerning general guidelines for bureaucratic reform. Of the state minister for administrative reform. In the permenpan, it is explained. About the purpose of good governance.

21Mar, 2023

Effectiveness and Efficiency

To carry out programs and policies, the government must adhere to the principles of effectiveness and efficiency. This means that the government must ensure that each program runs according to the provisions that have been made by using the budget according to needs.

Accountability
All activities related to the public interest must be accountable to the public. In good governance, responsibility and accountability are given to superiors and also the wider community. As for this accountability, when viewed theoretically, it can be divided into five types, namely.

Strategic vision is an attempt to maintain the existence of the state

You do this by designing activities or programs that can help achieve the goals of the country. This vision can be in the form of a long term vision or long term vision which can last up to 25 years. Or it could be a short term vision or short term vision which is only about 5 years. As explained by abd. Rohman, s. Sos., map and dr. Willy tri hardianto, mm, map in the book bureaucratic reform China Business Fax List and good governance. Through this book, the author invites us to re examine the aspirations of the state in reforming the indonesian bureaucracy as contained in various existing regulations, to evaluate and seek to revive the spirit of reform for the realization of accountability, equity and quality of public services.

Elements of good governance
A good government, according to anggara (2012) must have four main elements, namely accountability, transparency, openness, and the rule of law .Accountability.

Accountability means that the government must be responsible for all actions and policies set

Transparency
The government, starting from the central to the regional level, must be transparent to its people.

Openness
The government must provide an opportunity CRB Directory for all people to express their responses and criticisms of the government.

The rule of law rule of law

Good governance is part of a democratic life. Well, one of the conditions is law enforcement that is just, firm and indiscriminate. Without this, a democratic life is only a dream that is difficult to realize.

Without strict law enforcement, people can do anything to achieve their own ends. Including doing actions that violate the rules. Thus, good government must have a sound legal system.

21Mar, 2023

Principles of Good Governance

To assess the success of the concept of good governance, we must know the principles behind it. That way, we can use it to measure the government’s performance in managing the government so far. Handayani (2019) explains that the principles of good governance consist of:

Society participation
This is community involvement in decision making, either directly or through legitimate institutional representation. By paying attention to the voice of the community when making decisions, the government can make policies that are more lively and originate from the locality of its citizens.

Law has a very important role in upholding justice and truth

Therefore every law made by the government or dpr must be fair, impartial, and also consistent. Good governance is required to apply the law indiscriminately, regardless of position, kinship, or material.

Transparency
Transparency in good governance can be Austria Business Fax List interpreted as easy access to information about government administration activities for the community. This means that all members of the public can get the latest information that is correct and can be justified easily.

Stakeholders in good governance can be decision makers or program implementers

Therefore stakeholders are required to go hand in hand with the interests developed by the government and society.

Consensus oriented
Basically, state, community and government activities are political activities in which there are two main things, namely consensus and conflict. Thus, when making decisions or solving problems, the government must prioritize consensus and then commit to implementing this consensus consistently.

For the indonesian nation itself, consensus is CRB Directory actually not a new thing, because our nation has always relied on deliberation to reach a consensus when solving a problem.

Equality
All citizens must have the same opportunity to achieve their welfare and equal position before the law. This principle of equality plays an important role in triggering. The impact of justice and stable economic development because all people have the same rights and opportunities to. Develop themselves without worrying about being intervened by anyone.

21Mar, 2023

Definition of Good Governance

Definition of good governance since the reform era until now, the duties and responsibilities of. Therefore, The government have increased along with the demands from the public for fast, easy, inexpensive and good services. But to make it happen, cooperation between the government, the private sector, and the community is needed.

Therefore, the government is committed to implementing good governance or. Good governance to overcome various kinds of problems that exist in indonesia. Therefore, Good governance is expected to help integrate the roles of the government, the government sector and society so that the implementation can be more effective, efficient and accountable.

So what exactly is meant by good governance

Why does it need to be implemented in indonesia? And how has it been implemented so far? Find the answer below, yes.

List of contents
Definition of good governance
Principles of good governance
Society participation. Therefore, Law Belgium Business Fax List supremacy. Transparency.
Stakeholders
Consensus oriented
Equality
Effectiveness and efficiency. Accountability.
Strategic vision. Therefore, Elements of good governance
Accountability. Transparency
Openness. History of good governance in indonesia

The goal of good governance
Creating a clean bureaucracy
Creating an effective, efficient and productive bureaucracy. Therefore, Creating a transparent bureaucracy
Building a bureaucracy that serves the community
Creating an accountable bureaucracy
How is the implementation of good governance in indonesia?
Examples of good governance in indonesia
Problems of good governance in indonesia
Economics category
Related material
Definition of good governance
Definition of good governance
Good governance is basically a concept of government that builds and implements the principles of professionalism, democracy, transparency, efficiency, accountability, effectiveness, excellent service, and can be accepted by all people.

Meanwhile the world bank defines good governance as solid

Accountable government management, based on efficient market principles, capable of preventing corruption both politically and administratively.

Good governance can also be interpreted as a value. Therefore, That upholds the will of the people and is able to increase the ability of the people to achieve CRB Directory social justice, the goal of independence, and sustainable development.

In other words, good governance can be considered as a government that is professional, effective, efficient, prioritizes the interests of the community, and is committed to providing the best service and is free from corrupt practices.

You can learn other good governance concepts with interesting analogies from dr. his book entitled good governance and corruption eradication.