wmeui, Author at CRB Directory

22Mar, 2023

Constitutional Court or MK

Therefore, The institution of the Supreme Court or MA is one of the holders of the highest judicial powers of all judicial environments. Where the MA institution is chaired by a Supreme Court Justice who is assisted by several other judges. The Supreme Court justices were proposed by the DPR from the Judicial Commission. Therefore, This Supreme Court institution has several obligations and also its own authorities, including:

Tries at the cassation level examines statutory regulations, as well as other powers granted by law

Nominate three members of the constitutional justices.
Give consideration to the rehabilitation and clemency proposed by the President.

Legislative and Academic Drafting Principles: Guidelines for Drafting Legislation

2. Constitutional Court or MK
The Constitutional Court has the authority to Owner/Partner/Shareholder Email Lists exercise judicial power in the general, military, religious, and state administrative courts. Therefore, The Constitutional Court has the authority to try at the first and last level. In the Constitutional Court, there are nine constitutional judges who have been appointed by the President. The following are the duties and functions of the Constitutional Court, among others:

Reviewing laws in the Constitution

Deciding disputes over the authority of state institutions whose powers are granted by the Constitution. Therefore, Deciding the dissolution of political parties. Therefore, Deciding disputes over election results.

Judicial Commission or KY.
The Judicial Commission institution was formed CRB directory to oversee the behavior of judges and also dirty practices in the process of administering justice. Therefore, In the 1945 Constitution as a result of amendments, the position of the Judicial Commission is independent in which its existence is formed and terminated by the President with the approval of the DPR.

This is an explanation of the meaning of the legislature and other state institutions in Indonesia. Therefore, Hope it is useful.Declare war and also make peace with other countries on the basis of the approval of the DPR. Therefore, Making international agreements based on the approval of the DPR
c. Declare a state of danger to a condition and also a situation that takes place in the country.

22Mar, 2023

This judicial institution is a government agency

Prior to the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution, the president and his deputy were elected by the MPR. However, after the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution, the president and his representatives were directly elected by the people through an electoral process. The president and vice president will serve five years and can be re elected only once in the next general election. The president is the head of state and also the head of government. As a head of state, the president has duties and authorities that have been regulated in the 1945 Constitution, including:

a. Make agreements with other countries with the approval of the DPR or the People’s Representative Council
b. Appoint ambassadors and also consuls to be placed in the capitals of other countries and also the state of Indonesia.

Receiving ambassadors from other countries

Giving titles decorations, and also honors to citizens, be they Indonesian citizens or foreign citizens who have served.

While as the head of government that runs President Email Lists the country’s government, the President has the following rights and obligations:

a. Holding government power based on the 1945 Constitution
b. Submitting the Draft Law to the DPR
c. Establish government regulations
d. Uphold and implement the Constitution
e. Granting clemency or amnesty to convicts as well as rehabilitation or restoration of the good name of an accused person based on the considerations of the Supreme Court: MA
f. Provide amnesty or reduction in prison sentences as well as abolition or cancellation of criminal charges based on the DPR’s considerations.

In addition to serving and acting as head of state and head of government, the president is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. So that it has the following authority:

Declare war and also make peace with other countries on the basis of the approval of the DPR

Making international agreements based on the approval of the DPR. Declare a state of danger to a condition and also a situation that takes place in the country. Judiciary Institution.
This judicial institution is a government CRB directory agency that has the authority to interpret the contents of the law and also provide sanctions for violations of its implementation. In its implementation, this one institution must be free from interference from the executive branch. This is intended so that law enforcement and justice are not one sided or too one sided.

22Mar, 2023

Functions of State Institutions: Executive and Judiciary

Members of the DPD consist of representatives from the provinces who have been selected through an electoral process. DPD membership is formalized by presidential decree and takes place in its constituency. Where DPD members do not come from political parties, but from social organizations. The term of office for DPD members is five years.

Based on the 1945 Constitution article 22D, this DPD member has the following powers, among others:

Submitting Draft Laws to the DPR relating to regional autonomy

Central regional relations, formation, expansion, and also merging of regions, management of natural resources, and regional central finance.
Give consideration to members of the DPR on Board Members Email Lists the draft law on the state budget and also bills related to taxes, education, and religion.
Supervise the implementation of these matters and report it to the DPR.

The following is an explanation of the functions of state institutions. Other than the legislature, namely the executive as well as the judiciary. Below is a full explanation.

Executive Agency
This executive body is an institution that functions to implement legislation that has been determined by the legislature.

MPR or People’s Consultative Assembly

Prior to the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution, the sovereignty in the hands of the people was fully exercised by the MPR. Therefore, the MPR is often referred CRB directory to as the highest state institution with authority under the Constitution. However, after the Amendment to the 1945 Constitution, people’s sovereignty. Was no longer carried out by the MPR, but carried out according to the Constitution.

Members of the MPR are a combination of members of the DPR or the People’s. Representative Council and also the DPD or the Regional. Representatives Council who are elected by the people directly through the election process. The provisions regarding the number of members have been regulated in the law. The MPR holds sessions at least once in five years. The most visible authority of the MPR is to inaugurate the President and also the Vice President who have been elected by the people through elections.

22Mar, 2023

DPR or People’s Representative Council

In the process of forming a country, the founders or founding fathers tried to find a standard form for the government system. This is done with the aim of building and developing the quality of the country. We can conclude that the country must fulfill the components that have high potential to build the integrity of the country. Usually, it is these basic components that have a function as the foundation for building a country. These components are the form of the state, form of government, and also the system of government.

The processes in this government system have various uses and functions for the country

This government system has a very important role in a country. Without a government system, the country will become chaotic, because the state has. Not yet Investors Email Lists determined who will be the leader of the country, who is the highest authority, and the state does not yet know who will represent the people, and so on. The government system itself is divided into three, namely the executive, legislative, and also the judiciary. In this article, we will explain the meaning of legislature in more depth.

The legislature is a government institution that has a general function in making laws

Where this legislature has several functions, namely the function of legislation and also the function of control. In Indonesia itself, the legislative body is the People’s Representative. Council or DPR and also the Regional Representative Council or DPD.

Generally, these DPR members come from CRB directory political parties. Who are directly elected by the people through an electoral process. The DPR is located at the central level, while those at the provincial and district city levels are the DPRD or. The Regional People’s Representative Council. The following are some of the duties and powers that must be carried out by members of the DPR, as follows

Forming laws that have been discussed together with the President
Give approval regarding regional regulations in lieu of laws
Accept and also discuss the problems of Bills or Draft Laws submitted by the DPD
Consider the DPD on the draft APBN law relating to taxes, education, and also religion.

21Mar, 2023

Reasons for the Importance of Unity for the Indonesian Nation

The unity of the indonesian nation is none other than the encouragement of the will to be aware of being able to achieve an independent, sovereign, just and prosperous national life. If we look back, of course, history teaches us how important unity is.

Once upon a time, the colonizers succeeded in colonizing indonesia for quite a long time. One of the factors that made the indonesian people able to be colonized for a long time was because at that time the indonesian people were not yet able to unite, the people could not understand the importance of national unity and unity.

Example of the value of unity and unity of indonesia
Example of association value
Source: pixabay

After knowing about the meaning of the value of unity and unity

Next we will discuss together examples of the values of indonesian unity and oneness. The examples that will be explained below focus on the value of unity Accounting Directors Email Lists that has been and is often practiced in the daily life of the indonesian people.

So that you don’t get too confused about what are the examples of the values of indonesian unity and oneness, here is a complete explanation.

Hang out with anyone without the need to see differences such as race, ethnicity, religion or culture.
Appreciate differences of opinion from each existing group.
Participating in the mutual cooperation movement in the surrounding environment is like participating in mutual cooperation in the rt environment.

Prioritizing public interests over personal interests or certain groups.
Willing to sacrifice for the sake of the nation and the country.
Always develop a sense of love for the motherland and the nation.
Have a sense of pride to be a part of indonesia.
Has no selfish nature.

Acknowledge every role of each family member

Help keep the classroom atmosphere calm.
Able to bring up a sense of kinship in order to create a life that is so harmonious.
Get involved in activities in the neighborhood.
Support the introduction of local culture and arts.
Support the existence of unity among CRB directory the nation’s children so that unity and integrity can be created.
Provide support and participate in national activities with the aim of developing culture.
Also solve problems in the environment.
Negotiate to be able to solve existing problems.
Those are some examples of the value of indonesian unity and oneness. Of course there are many more examples of the value of indonesian unity and oneness. However, as a nation of indonesia, we should always maintain the integrity of the nation by always being united and respecting each other’s differences.

21Mar, 2023

Example of the Value of Unity and Unity of Indonesia

An example of the value of unity Indonesia is a country that consists of a lot of wealth in it. One of them is the wealth of diversity, starting from islands, tribes, customs, culture, religion and so on. However, from every difference that exists, the entire Indonesian nation is able to unite without any divisions between tribes.

This is something that we must be proud of as Indonesian citizens

Because, amidst the differences, we are all CEO Email Lists still able to maintain the integrity of Indonesia by always uniting and respecting every difference that exists.

The independence that was achieved by the Indonesian state was not a gift given by the colonialists, but because of the determination that Indonesia had to be able to liberate itself. Of course, in the process of independence, the entire Indonesian nation at that time fought together without anyone seeing the differences.

The importance of the unity of the Indonesian nation is also stated in the 3rd principle of Pancasila

where Pancasila is used as the ideology and guideline for the life of the nation and state. The unity of the Indonesian nation contains many elements and ideals of brotherhood. And friendship and is pervaded by an atmosphere of goodness, purity and beauty.

The unity and integrity of the nation must be CRB directory maintained so that Indonesia can remain intact and continue to be an independent nation.

Basically, the unity and oneness of the Indonesian nation has concepts that must be understood first. The basic concepts of the unity and integrity of Indonesia are such as unity, integrity, nation integration, nationalism and patriotism.

Simply put, unity means a combination, bond, and a collection of several parts which will later become a unified whole. That means, unity is also able to unite various patterns into a container to become one whole.

21Mar, 2023

Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet

The cabinet that ruled during the next liberal democracy was the Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet. This cabinet, which came from Masyumi, was the only cabinet that was not disbanded due to a vote of no confidence by the existing party factions.

One of the great achievements ever made by the Burhanuddin Harahap Cabinet was the successful holding of elections and handing over the reins of power to the winner of the election. In the first 1955 elections in Indonesia, the Indonesian National Party won.

As the party that won the 1955 election

The Indonesian National Party has the right CFO Email List to form a cabinet to run its government. Ali Sastroamidjojo returned to represent the PNI as Prime Minister. In this second term of leadership, Ali Sastro did something that could be said to be brave. The Ali Sastro Cabinet decided to cancel the contents of the Round Table Conference (KMB) as a form of protest against the Dutch.

Djuanda’s cabinet became the last cabinet in the liberal democracy era

Djuanda himself served on the basis of obtaining a mandate from President Soekarno. The cabinet that has been in power for the longest time during this liberal democracy has had several extraordinary achievements, including the publication of the Djuanda Declaration.

The Djuanda Declaration itself was issued as a form CRB directory of establishing the territorial boundaries of Indonesia’s seas. The end of Djuanda’s cabinet leadership came when President Soekarno issued a presidential decree. This decree also marked the end of liberal democracy in Indonesia.

The era of liberal democracy has long passed, many of the figures who filled it have long preceded us. As the younger generation who will continue the baton of their predecessors. Of course we must recognize an important chapter in the history of our country.

Those are some discussions of liberal democracy, such as the definition of liberal. Democracy, the characteristics of liberal democracy, the advantages and disadvantages of liberal democracy. Hopefully all the discussion above can add insight as well as be useful for Grameds.

21Mar, 2023

The Governing Cabinet In Times Of Liberal Democracy

After learning about the definition and characteristics of liberal democracy, in the following, we will continue with a discussion of the cabinet that ruled during the liberal democracy era.

It should be noted that when entering the reform era, Indonesia was led by several cabinets, namely the Gotong Royong Cabinet and the United Indonesia Cabinet. The use of the name of the cabinet is different from that during the liberal democracy. Several cabinets that ruled Indonesia during a liberal democracy used the name of the Prime Minister as the name of their cabinet.

The first cabinet to rule in the era of liberal democracy was the Natsir cabinet

The cabinet that has been in power for less than a year must end its term after being granted a vote of no confidence.

During his cabinet leadership, Natsir, who CIO and CTO Email Lists came from the Masyumi Party, made one of the most policies in history, namely that Indonesia registered itself to become a member of the United Nations. Not only that, Natsir also issued an economic policy called the Benteng Program. The Benteng program itself is aimed at local entrepreneurs so they can be more advanced.

Apart from that Natsir’s cabinet was the first party to try to hold general elections

Even though in the end his leadership period had to end before the election could take place. Characteristics of Liberal Democracy

Each cabinet has its own focus in issuing policies.

In the sukiman cabinet, several policies were CRB directory born, such as standardization. Of minimum wages, establishment of labor union regulations, and holiday allowances.

After the masyumi party came to power twice in a row, the wilopo cabinet, which came from. The indonesian national party, finally won the lead so that it is entitled. To occupy the highest seat in the parliament.In the history of liberal democracy in indonesia, the masyumi party has occupied. The highest seat in parliament three times and formed a cabinet. This cabinet that has been in power for almost a full. Year is the second cabinet that has succeeded in leading. Indonesia in the era of liberal democracy.

21Mar, 2023

Voting through elections in a certain period in secret

The next feature of liberal democracy is voting in elections which are carried out in a certain period in secret. In a liberal democracy, voting is something that is very important because elections are the path that must be taken by political participants to win seats in government.

Facilitation of individual freedom

One of the values that must exist in liberalism is individual freedom. Therefore, a liberal system cannot be embedded if individual freedom is eliminated. One way that is commonly used to implement individual freedom is by channeling thoughts through affiliation with certain politics.

In the implementation of liberal democracy, it is possible to have political parties with a large number. The history of Indonesia itself has recorded that there CMO Email Lists were several parties based on the religion of Islam, including Masyumi, Nahdlatul Ulama, the Indonesian Islamic Syarikat Party, and the Indonesian Tarbiyah Movement. There are 4 parties for the Muslim community, of course it is proof that one of the values that must exist in a liberal democracy is that individual freedom must be facilitated.

A government that can form laws in accordance with a majority vote in parliament
When Indonesia adopted a guided democracy system of government, the head of government was held by a prime minister. The prime minister here is a representative of the party winning the majority of votes or it can be said the party winning the election. Meanwhile, when entering the liberal democracy era, there were many policy changes.

Some of the policy changes that have taken place are understandable. This can be seen from the frequent changes of cabinet during that era. Within 9 years of liberal democracy, there have been 7 cabinet changes.

Limited government power

One of the most visible characteristics of a liberal democracy is the limited powers of the government. One of the reasons for the government’s power to be limited is CRB directory as an effort to prevent a government that is only controlled by one particular group. This is important in a liberal democracy so that the check and balance mechanism remains in effect in a government in power.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Liberal Of all the existing government systems, it must be recognized that no system is perfect. Each system has its own advantages, as well as the disadvantages of the government system adopted. This applies to the liberal democratic government system that is widely adopted by various countries. The following are some of the advantages and disadvantages of a liberal democratic system that you need to know, including:

21Mar, 2023

What Is Liberal Democracy

Liberal democracy basically means democracy that departs from individual rights. This means that every citizen or individual becomes the ruling party in this democratic system. Those in power have the same rights regardless of their ethnic origin or religion.

Meanwhile, another understanding says that liberal democracy is a political system that protects individual rights from government power in a constitutional way. This makes the decision of the majority to determine the determination of government policies that are subject to restrictions.

According to robert dahl, liberal democracy has two important concepts that need to be known. The two concepts include contestation and participation. Contestation itself means a debate or objection that can be realized with the right to form parties and freedom of the press.

Freedom of the press as a result of liberal democracy

As previously stated, freedom in a liberal democracy has resulted in many parties being formed. This freedom is also an opportunity for each party to accommodate Canadian CTO CIO Email List aspirations that are often different from one individual to another. The existence of differences in political views that are accommodated is one of the triggers for the emergence of contestation.

When the indonesian state embraced liberal democracy, the culture of contestation seemed very strong. This is very visible when there is a fairly dynamic cabinet change. Within 9 years of liberal democracy, there have been 7 cabinets that have ruled.

Robert dahl himself understands the concept of participation can be realized through general elections. General elections themselves must be held in a fair and equitable manner so that all citizens who have voting rights can participate. It is recorded that there were around parties that competed in the 1955 elections.

Characteristics of Liberal Democracy

After knowing the meaning and history of liberal democracy, the next discussion is the characteristics of liberal democracy. The following are certain characteristics CRB directory possessed by a liberal democratic system, including:

Political participation that can be followed by all levels of society
The liberal democratic system provides freedom for all individuals to be able to participate in politics without discriminating against race, religion, or ethnic origin. The emergence of various groups or groups of people who took part is an illustration of the various parties that competed in the 1955 election Indonesia’s first election.

21Mar, 2023

The Difference Between the Head of Government and the Head of State

Characteristics of a liberal democracy liberal democracy is the political system used by most modern european countries. Before becoming the unitary state of the republic of indonesia as it is today, you need to know that the indonesian state has also used a liberal democratic political system.

Based on historical records it turns out that the indonesian

State was once led not by a president as it is now. In a country, we often recognize the terms head of government and head of state. However, of course you have also heard of the term prime minister, right.

In the early period of independence until Switzerland Business Fax List entering guided democracy or more precisely in the indonesian state adopted a system of government known as liberal democracy.

So, in this article, we will present a discussion of liberal democracy, starting from the characteristics of liberal democracy, its meaning, strengths and weaknesses, and its cabinet. Let’s see more.

Before entering into a discussion of the characteristics of liberal democracy. We need to know that the term for head of government and head of state in indonesia is currently held by a president.

The head of state is basically a figure who is a representative of a country for interests at the domestic and international levels. In addition, a head of state also has a very important role because he is a representative of a country being led.

However in many other countries

The position of head of state is not only occupied by a president.

For example, in several countries that adopt a CRB Directory monarchy or royal system. The head of state will be occupied by a king.

In contrast to the head of state, the head of government is a position. That has the responsibility to lead the running of a country’s government. In a country that adheres to a parliamentary. System, the head of government is held by a person called the prime minister.

In indonesia itself the head of government during the liberal democracy. Era was led by a prime minister. So, as part of learning the history of citizenship education. It is certainly important for the younger generation to know what happened in the past.

21Mar, 2023

The causes of apatride in different parts of the world can vary

Apatride citizenship status is the citizenship status of a person who does not have citizenship status at all. According to de jure, a person who is stateless is a person who is legally not considered a citizen by any country which should have an obligation to protect him.

Meanwhile a person who has no de facto citizenship is someone. Who is outside their country of origin and cannot or because of a legal problem, or is not willing to take advantage of the protection offered by the state.

This can happen as a result of persecution

That usually occurs with refugees or because of bad diplomatic relations that occur between the country of origin and the country where the person lives.

The causes of apatride in different parts Spain Business Fax List of the world can vary. However, most are caused by cases of discrimination due to factors of race, ethnicity, gender, or religion. Such cases generally occur in minority groups for generations.

Bipatride is someone who has a dual citizenship status relationship

International law states that as a form of sovereignty of each country. So every citizen has the right to determine his nationality in accordance with the laws and regulations in force in that country.

Initially, dual citizenship was not CRB Directory considered a big problem internationally. However, several decades ago, an international agreement was made that dual citizenship must be avoided.

This is because dual citizenship is feared to be a potential. Threat that will give birth to betrayal, espionage or other subversive activities. However, the policies against bipatride began to disappear and a number of countries began to tolerate it

Changes in policies and attitudes towards dual citizenship are based on international law. Based on the european convention on nationality. Which was signed by most european countries. It does not contain restrictions on citizenship status as an oddity that must be abolished.