wmeui, Author at CRB Directory

22Mar, 2023

The Main Meaning of the Youth Oath

The meaning of the Youth Pledge The meaning of the Youth Pledge which. Was pledged on October 28, 1928 should continue to be updated so that it is in accordance with the times. Yamin, Amir Sjarifuddin, Sugondo Djojopuspito, WR Soepratman, Johanes Leimana, and other youths succeeded in providing a strong foundation for Indonesia’s younger generations. They instilled a spirit of unity, pride and wholeness in the Youth Pledge.

As the next generation, we cannot eliminate the positive values from the spirit of the Youth Pledge. Therefore, it is fitting for us to understand the meaning of the Youth Pledge so that we can maintain and pass on the values contained therein.

While it won’t be easy that doesn’t mean it’s an impossible task

Moreover the Youth Pledge has actually become the identity of Indonesian citizens. The culture of gotong royong, mutual respect, upholding harmony, and maintaining VP Administration Email Lists unity will never completely disappear within us.

In this article, I will invite all readers to review the meaning of the Youth Pledge from the most important to its developments in the digital era.

The Main Meaning of the Youth Oath
The Youth Pledge is one of Indonesia’s sacred historical milestones, without. The pledge of these youths, the spirit of independence in society might have existed much longer. If you look at the current conditions, many Indonesian youths. Do not understand the importance of the meaning of the Youth Pledge.

This is reflected in the daily lives of today’s younger generation, who, in a way. Tend to be individualistic and do not have a solid foundation. To overcome this requires long steps, but understanding the most important meaning of the Youth Pledge can be a good start.

One Motherland
The first paragraph of the Youth Pledge states that Indonesian youth only have one homeland, namely Indonesia. Whatever the region of origin, we both breathe air, grow and develop in Indonesia. In this country, we cry for the first time when we are born and here we will spend all the time until we die later.

In the past before the youth oath was read

The Indonesian people were only proud of the superiority of their own region. They defend their area from invaders on their own. Therefore, the Dutch troops could control Indonesia quickly.

After the youth oath was read, awareness of a single CRB directory motherland began to emerge. The spirit of unity was agitated and the fighters fought to defend all regions in the country, without discrimination at all.

This is what we have to take care of at this time. The spirit of unity regardless of which region is better and worse because Indonesia is vast. The 17,000 islands that stretch from Sabang to Merauke are the motherland that we must protect as much as possible.

This spirit can embody a strong, sincere and authentic sense of love for the homeland. If we don’t love Indonesia, who will? Do you want culture, history, territory, and everything in this country to be recognized by other nations.

22Mar, 2023

History of Liberal Democracy in Indonesia

Every individual in a liberal democratic system can participate in political activities regardless of religion, race, or ethnic origin. The variety of parties that took part in the 1955 election as the first general election in Indonesia reflected the participation of various groups or groups of people.

The reason is, the participants in the election at that time were really diverse. In fact, there are also election participants who are individuals, not just parties. At that time, there were also various parties such as the Indonesian Socialist Party (PSI). The Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), the Young Comunis Force (Acoma), Murba, to R. Soedjono Prawirosoedarso who participated in enlivening the 1955 election.

The Existence of Elections as Secret Voting within a Certain Period

Another feature of liberal democracy is secret elections that are held within a certain period. In this concept of democracy, this is important because it acts as a path that must be taken by political participants to occupy seats in government.

As per Majority Vote in Parliament, Government can Form Laws
The government is headed by the prime minister VP Audit Email List in a guided democratic government system. These prime ministers generally come from the party that won the majority of votes or won the election.

During the liberal democracy era, there were many policy changes, one of which was reflected in the intensity of cabinet changes during the 9 years of liberal democracy, namely 7 times.

Liberal democratic governments do not necessarily have to follow the political ideology of liberalism just by using the term “liberal” in the democratic system. The term is basically just a reference to the fact that modern liberal democracies have their initial framework created during the freedom-advocating philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment.

The reason is, they really emphasize individual immunity from arbitrary use of authority as a right

At this time there were many different political ideologies, which also supported liberal democracy. For example, Christian Democracy, conservatism, social democracy, to several forms of socialism.

Democracy literally means government CRB directory by the people. It has taken various forms historically. In ancient Athens, for example, democracy meant direct government by free citizens, especially male citizens. In the 21st century, democracy is generally understood to mean indirect government, that is, through elected representatives.

Liberal democracy stems from certain philosophical doctrines and constitutional developments, which arose mainly in Britain and the United States.

22Mar, 2023

Definition of Disintegration Impact and Its Forms in Everyday Life

Disintegration is – Disintegration is a state of disorganization that makes wholeness or unity disappear and can cause division. The opposite of disintegration is unification which causes unity and unity so that it becomes whole.

Disintegration takes the form of demonstrations, regional upheaval for groups or individuals who feel discrimination, uncontrolled criminal acts, deviant behavior and conflicts involving issues of religion, ethnicity, taste and between groups SARA.

The phenomenon of social disintegration is an example of the most feared phenomenon in social life

This is because disintegration can cause an upheaval in a series of splits. So, on the basis of this, various kinds of disintegration are trying to be avoided or resolved so as not to cause divisions.

In order to avoid or complete disintegration, Grameds needs to VP IT Email List know what disintegration is first. Check out the explanation in more detail below.

Disintegration becomes a picture of a situation that has no rules or unity that applies to life in society. This situation can threaten the occurrence of divisions that result in the destruction of the social order caused by the breakdown of social order.

Therefore disintegration in general is the opposite of social integration which has a view of unity and unity

The development of life experienced in society often changes according to the conditions and factors that cause social change.
National integration must run optimally and every citizen is obliged to do so.
2. Disintegration of the Nation
The second form of disintegration is the disintegration of the nation, namely the division of life in society caused by the influence of other countries. This disintegration can also be caused by the influence of a country itself. Examples include the lack of acceptance by society of differences, resulting in discriminatory attitudes.

Conflict, conflict is one of the things that causes someone to disintegrate. Conflict is a condition of dissatisfaction felt by the community towards the existing situation. It is this dissatisfaction that ultimately causes certain people to not be in unity.
War is another factor that causes disintegration.
Whether it’s wars between tribes, ethnicities or wars that occur because of cultural differences. War will cause a considerable impact both in terms of material and immaterial.
Conflict is one of the foundations of a group in society experiencing division. Problems reg
The development of an ideology that is very contrary to the ideology of the nation, namely
Pancasila, for example, is like the ideology of communism, Marxism, Leninism and so on.

The theory of intercultural miscommunication, namely that conflicts occur because of different or conflicting types of cultural communication.
Conflict transformation theory is a theory that CRB directory explains that conflicts can occur because of real problems such as injustice or inequality expressed in competing social, economic and cultural frameworks.
Then what is the impact of the disintegration that occurred. Disintegration, be it social, cultural or family disintegration, will at least have two sizable impacts, namely the emergence of divisions and the emergence of social problems. Here’s a further explanation.

22Mar, 2023

All Society can Participate in Politics

After understanding the meaning of liberal democracy, it is also important to know the characteristics of this concept. Here are some features that we should pay attention to:

Facilitated Individual Freedom

As shown indirectly in the sense of liberal democracy

One of the values of liberalism is individual freedom. If there is no individual freedom, then a system is not very suitable if it is labeled or the word liberal. One of the ways to channel this freedom is by implementing it for certain political affiliations.

For this reason, there are so many parties that were VP Risk Email List founded in the era of liberal democracy. Not only that, more than 3 parties based on Islam have been established, such as Nahdlatul Ulama, Masyumi, the Indonesian Tarbiyah Movement, and the Indonesian Islamic Syarikat Party.

This can happen because individual freedom really must be facilitated in a liberal democracy.Limited Power of Government
Grameds, do you know why government power must be limited in the characteristics of a liberal democracy.

One of the reasons is that the government is not only controlled by one particular group

This is considered important in a liberal democracy so that there is a check and balance mechanism in place in the government.All Society can Participate in Politics
Every individual in a liberal democratic system can participate in political activities regardless of religion, race, or ethnic origin. The variety of parties that took part in the 1955 election as the first general election in Indonesia reflected the participation of various groups or groups of people.

The reason is, the participants in the election CRB directory at that time were really diverse. In fact, there are also election participants who are individuals, not just parties. At that time, there were also various parties such as the Indonesian Socialist Party (PSI). The Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), the Young Comunis Force (Acoma), Murba, to R. Soedjono Prawirosoedarso who participated in enlivening the 1955 election.

22Mar, 2023

Definition of Liberal Democracy

Definition of liberal democracy from 1949 to 1959, indonesia had adopted a liberal democratic system. This concept is implemented in order to create a free democracy. The reason is, this model does not limit each individual to have an opinion. Even so, liberal democracy in the country is not going well because of the views and aspirations of so many indonesian people.

With this in mind, in the end it led to various chaos in the government and political systems that were less than optimal.

It is important for us to know the history of the implementation of liberal democracy that has been embraced and has been part of indonesia’s journey, because it would be unwise for the next generation to not recognize one of these stages.

Let’s find out with gramedia through this article

List of contents. Definition of liberal democracy.
Characteristics of liberal democracy
Facilitated individual freedom
Limited power of government. All society Chairman Email List can participate in politics.
As per majority vote in parliament, government can form laws
History of liberal democracy in indonesia
In indonesia.
Types of liberal democracy
De facto liberal democracy
Proportional representation and plurality. Presidential and parliamentary systems.
Advantages and disadvantages. Conclusion. Economics category
Related material. Definition of liberal democracy.

Liberal democracy means a political system with many parties

Meanwhile, political power is held by civilian politicians who are centered in parliament. This is as revealed by the big indonesian dictionary (kbbi).

This concept of democracy is basically a model CRB directory in which the position of the legislature is higher than the executive body. The prime minister leads as the head of government, while the head of state in a parliamentary democracy is held by the president.

Liberal democracy upholds people’s freedom, politics, or individualism. The reason is, this model seeks to reduce economic inequality and all people have the same degree and rights.

22Mar, 2023

Before the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution

Definition of the judiciary – basically, in a country there must. Be executive, legislative and judicial bodies, each of which has certain. Duties and roles so that the country can run well. Ordinary people must think that. The executive branch is “Property” to the president. And his deputy, the legislature is “Property” to the dpr, while the judiciary. Is “Property” to the prosecutor’s office, both the supreme court and the constitutional court. If Grameds often thinks like that, it’s not entirely wrong because everything works like that.

Especially in the judiciary which is indeed functioned to oversee

The implementation to prosecute anyone who distorts the law, must be independent. That is, the existence of a judicial body or institution may not get VP Financial Email Lists interference from other parties, especially when carrying out the judicial process. If so, what is the meaning of the judiciary? What are the functions and roles of the judicial institutions in Indonesia? So, so that Grameds understands these things, let’s look at the following review!

Getting to Know the Constitutional Court as a Judicial Institution in Indonesia

Authority of the Constitutional Court (MK)
Obligations of the Constitutional Court (MK)
Getting to Know the Judicial Commission as a Judicial Institution in Indonesia
Duties and Authorities of the Judicial Commission (KY)
Judicial Definition
If you look at the KBBI (Big Indonesian Dictionary), the term judicial has two meanings in the form of ‘ related to the functions and implementation of the judiciary’ and CRB directory related to the body in charge of adjudicating cases ‘. So, it can be concluded that the judiciary is a state institution or agency that has a function and role in trying cases against anyone, especially those who violate laws. In addition, the division of power based on function will show differences between government functions, especially those that are executive, legislative and judicial, then all of them are called Trias Politica .

In Trias Politica, there is an assumption that power in a country consists of three kinds of power, namely in the form of:

Legislative power, also known as the power to make laws, which in new terms is called the Rule Making Function .
Executive power, also known as statutory power, which is then called the Rule Application Function in the new terms.
Judicial power, also known as the power to try for violations of legislation, which is then called the Rule Adjudication Function .

22Mar, 2023

After the Amendment of the 1945 Constitution

Previously it was written that judicial supervision in indonesia has three state bodies. Namely the supreme court , the constitutional court (mk), and the judicial commission . The three state bodies were not simply “Formed”, but have gone through. Many processes, especially when there was an amendment to the 1945 constitution.

Prior to the amendment to the 1945 constitution

The supreme court became the sole holder of judicial or judicial authority in indonesia. This is confirmed in the 1945 constitution in articles 24 and 25, which states that the judicial power is an independent power, that is, apart from the influence of the government. Therefore, there is no other state institution that has the authority to exercise judicial power, except for the supreme court .

But on the other hand, it turns out that the Canadian CFO Email Lists organization of the supreme. Court (ma) is actually controlled or interfered with by other higher. Institutions, especially those of equal standing. This condition of course even illustrates that the position of the supreme. Court (ma) as a high state institution in judicial power, is very vulnerable to being. Influenced by other powers. In terms of supervision, according. To article 10 paragraph (4) of law no. 14 of 1970 concerning basic provisions. On judicial power , confirms that the supreme court (ma) exercises supreme oversight. Over the actions of other courts, according to the provisions stipulated by law.

After the amendment of the 1945 constitution

Meanwhile after the amendment to the 1945 constitution occurred, judicial power in indonesia certainly underwent a change, initially judicial power was CRB directory completely handed over to the supreme court (ma), now other judicial institutions have been born which are also given authority by the 1945 constitution in exercising judicial power. .

The amendment emphasizes the independence of the judiciary. If previously the independence of the judicial power was only regulated in the elucidation section. Then after this amendment it has been regulated in the body, namely in article 24 paragraph 1 of the 1945 constitution which states. The judicial power is an independent power to administer justice in order to uphold law and justice .

22Mar, 2023

Get to know the Supreme Court as a Judicial Institution in Indonesia

As with other state bodies, the supreme court (ma) also has its own main duties and functions, which are of course related to judicial authority. So, here are the main duties and functions of the supreme court (ma) in indonesia.

Justice functions
As the supreme state court, the supreme court (ma) is a court of cassation whose job is to foster uniformity in the application of law through cassation decisions and judicial review to ensure that all laws and statutes throughout the territory of the republic of indonesia are applied in a fair, proper and correct manner.
Besides its duties as the court of cassation, the supreme court has the authority to examine and decide at the first and final levels

All disputes regarding the authority to adjudicate

Requests for review of court decisions that have obtained permanent. Legal force (articles 28, 29,30,33 and 34 of the supreme court law no. All disputes arising Canadian CEO Email Lists from the seizure of foreign ships and their cargo by warships. Of the republic of indonesia based on applicable regulations article 33 and article 78 of the supreme. Court law no. 14 of 1985)
Closely related to the function of the judiciary is the right of judicial review, namely. The authority to review,materially evaluate the laws and regulations under. The law regarding whether a regulation in terms. Of its content (its material) contradicts regulations from a higher level. Article 31 of the supreme court law). Number 14 of 1985.

The supreme court carries out the highest supervision over

The course of justice in all judicial environments with the aim that trials conducted by the courts are carried out in a thorough and reasonable manner guided by CRB directory the principle of a simple, fast and low cost trial, without reducing the freedom of the judge in examining and deciding cases art. 4 and article 10 of the law on principal provisions of power number 14 of 1970.
The supreme court also supervises.
Against the work of the court and the behavior of the judges and the actions of the court officials.

22Mar, 2023

Getting to Know the Constitutional Court as a Judicial Institution in Indonesia

The supreme court can further regulate matters necessary for. The smooth administration of justice if there are matters which have not been adequately. Regulated in the law on the supreme court as a complement to fill in deficiencies .Or voids in the law required for the smooth administration of justice (article 27 of the law. Law no.14 of 1970, article 79 of law no.14 of 1985.
The supreme court can make its own rules of procedure when deemed necessary to satisfy the rules of procedure that have been regulated by law. Advice function.

The supreme court gives advice or considerations in the field of law

To other high courts (article 37 of the supreme court law no. 14 of 1985).
In this function, the supreme court also General Manager Email Lists provides advice to the president as head of state. In the context of granting or refusing clemency (article 35 of supreme court law no.14 of 1985). Furthermore, the first amendment to the 1945 constitution of the republic. Of indonesia article 14 paragraph (1), the supreme court was given the authority to give consideration to the president as head. Of state in addition to clemency as well as rehabilitation. However, in providing legal considerations regarding. Rehabilitation, to date there is no statutory regulation that regulates its implementation.

The supreme court has the authority to request information from and provide instructions to courts in all jurisdictions in the framework of implementing the provisions of article 25 law no. 14 of 1970 concerning main provisions of judicial power. (article 38 of law no. 14 of 1985 concerning the supreme court. Administrative functions

The judicial bodies general courts religious courts

Military courts and state administrative courts) as referred. To in article 10 paragraph of law no. 14 of 1970 are organizationally, administratively CRB directory and financially. Still under the relevant department. , even though according to article 11 (1) of law number 35 of 1999 it has been. Transferred under the authority of the supreme court.
The supreme court has the authority to regulate. The duties and responsibilities, organizational structure and. Working procedures of the court registrar (law no. 35 of 1999 concerning amendments. To law no. 14 of 1970 concerning main provisions of judicial power.

22Mar, 2023

Authority of the Constitutional Court MK

The constitutional court (mk) has 4 powers and 1 obligation as stipulated in the 1945 constitution. The constitutional court has the authority to try at the first. Therefore, And last levels whose decision is final for. Responded to this idea so that the 2001 annual session. Discussed the third amendment to the 1945 constitution. Therefore, Article 24b of the 1945 constitution clearly states that the. Judicial commission is a state institution that is independent and has the authority. To propose the appointment of supreme court justices. And has other powers in order to protect and uphold the honor, dignity and behavior of judges. In order to realize this, the government also formed a judicial. Commission selection committee and 7 people were elected. As members of the judicial commission for the 2005-2010 period.

Deciding disputes over the authority of state institutions whose powers are granted by the constitution

Obligations of the constitutional court. The constitutional court (mk) is required to render a decision on the opinion of the. House of representatives regarding Partners Email Lists alleged violations by the president and or vice president according to the constitution. The intended violation as stated and regulated in the provisions. Therefore, Of article 7a of the 1945 constitution is committing a violation of the law in the form of betrayal of the state. Corruption, bribery, other criminal acts, or disgraceful acts, and or no longer fulfills. The requirements as president and/or vice president as referred to in the 1945 constitution of the republic of indonesia.

Getting to know the judicial commission as a judicial institution in indonesia

The existence of the judicial commission (ky) is a new judicial institution in indonesia. Moreover, its formation was carried out when there was an amendment CRB directory to the 1945 constitution. Therefore, The birth of the judicial commission (ky) began in 1968, at that time the idea emerged about the establishment of a research advisory council for judges (mpph) which has the function to provide considerations in making final decisions regarding suggestions and or proposals relating to the appointment, promotion, transfer, dismissal, and action/penalty of the position of judges. However, this idea cannot be included in the law on judicial power. Therefore, After experiencing a long process, the mpr finally.

22Mar, 2023

Results of the Round Table Conference

The negotiations resulted in several documents, including the charter of sovereignty. The statute of the union, economic agreements and agreements related to social and military affairs. Therefore, They have also agreed to withdraw the dutch troops from. The serikan republic of indonesia. In the shortest possible time, and the united states of indonesia. To give the netherlands the status of the most favored nation.

In addition there will no longer be discrimination against dutch citizens and companies

And the united republic of indonesia is willing to take over. The trade agreement previously negotiated with the dutch east indies. Therefore, However, there is COO Email List debate about the debts of the dutch colonial government and also the status of west papua.

Jh van maarseveen, sultan hamid ii and mohammad hatta signed the round table agreement, 2 november 1949
Negotiations regarding the foreign debts of the dutch. Therefore, East indies colonial government continued to drag on, with each side presenting their calculations and. Therefore, Submitting opinions as to whether the united republic of indonesia should bear the debts incurred by the dutch after they surrendered to japan in 1942.

The indonesian delegation was especially angry and disapproved because ris had to pay costs which

In their opinion were used by the dutch in military action against indonesia. Therefore, In the end, thanks to the intervention of us members in the un commission for the united states of indonesia, the ris finally realized that the willingness to pay part of the dutch debt was. Therefore, The price that had to be paid in order to gain sovereignty. Therefore, On october 24, 1949, the delegation of the united states of indonesia agreed to bear around 4.3 billion guilders in debt from the dutch east indies government.

Issues regarding the status of west papua CRB directory also almost caused the talks to become deadlocked. Therefore, The indonesian delegation was of the opinion that indonesia. Must cover the entire territory of the east indies the netherlands. On the other hand, the dutch refused because they claimed. That west papua had no ethnic ties with the rest of the united states of indonesia.

22Mar, 2023

Negotiations In The Round Table Conference

Definition of the round table conference – the round table conference (kmb) or in dutch: nederlands-indonesische rondetafelconferentie was a conference or meeting which was held in the hague, netherlands, from 23 august to 2 november 1949.

The meeting was held between representatives of the republic of indonesia, the netherlands, and also bfo ( bijeenkomst voor federaal overleg ) representing various countries created by the dutch in the indonesian archipelago.

Prior to this conference, three high-level meetings had taken place between the netherlands and indonesia, namely the linggarjati agreement. Therefore, the renville agreement (1948), and also the roem-royen agreement 1949. Therefore, This conference ended with the result that the netherlands was willing to surrender its sovereignty to the united republic of indonesia.

List of contents
Background

Negotiations in the round table conference

Jh van maarseveen, sultan hamid ii and mohammad Founder Email Lists hatta signed the round table agreement, 2 november 1949
Results of the round table conference
People in the round table conference
The impact of the round table conference on indonesia
Book recommendations & related articles
Economics category
Related material
Background

Attempts to thwart indonesian independence by using violence ended in failure

The netherlands received harsh criticism from around the world. Therefore, The netherlands and indonesia then held several meetings to resolve this issue through diplomacy, through the linggarjati negotiations and the renville agreement.

On january 28, 1949, the united nations (un) security CRB directory council passed a resolution condemning the dutch military attack on republican troops in indonesia and demanding the restoration of the republican government. Therefore, He also called on the continuation of negotiations to find a peaceful settlement between the two parties.

As a follow-up to the roem-royen agreement that was implemented on may 7, 1949, which was effectively established by a security council resolution, mohammad roem said that the republic of indonesia, whose leaders were still exiled in bangka, were willing to participate in the table conference. Therefore, Round in order to accelerate the achievement of the transfer of sovereignty.